quiz-18-biotechnolgy-and-microbes-in-human-welfare

Biotechnolgy and microbes in human welfare Quiz-18

Dear Readers,

NEET is the most famous and important medical entrance examination held in our country. This exam is an objective type, an offline test which includes 4 sections namely– Physics, Chemistry, Botany, and Zoology. The maximum marks that can be scored are 720 marks and have 180 questions. About half of the paper consists of questions from Biology, as the NEET exam essentially focuses on capacitating students to go for seats in medical courses. One of the most significant and crucial sections in the NEET exam is of Biology. It comprises of theories, descriptions, discoveries, diagrams, definitions, explanations of differences, and relations. The majority of the topics covered in the NEET syllabus are from the NCERT syllabus of Class 11 & 12 and other related sources become part of the rest of the syllabus. Clear Exam curates a list of articles selected by professionals who recommend the highly vital topics for NEET exams. The table below takes you directly to the respective topic where the in-depth article and the MCQs are available for an easy and productive learning experience. Prior to solving NEET question papers or practicing mock tests, you must ensure to study the basic concepts in NEET and practice a few sample questions related to this exam. Students will be covered for all their studies as the topics are available from basics to even the most advanced. .

Q1.  Agriculture by using only biofertilisers is called

•   Manuring
•   Composting
•   Inorganic farming
•   Organic farming

Solution
Organic farming is a form of agriculture that relies on techniques such as corp rotation, green manure, compost and biological pest control

Q2.  Plants having similar genotypes produced by plant breeding are called

•   Haploid
•   Autoploid
•   Clone
•   None of these

Solution
Cloning means the production of exact genetic replica of an individual. A clone, on the other hand, cannot be considered as an offspring, but is simply the copy of a given individual.

Q3.  Neem tree has acquired industrial importance as a source of

•   Biofertilizer, biopesticide and anti-fertility compound
•   Anti-fertility compound, biofertilizer and anti-cancer drug
•   Biopesticide and anti-fertility compound
•   Anti-cancer drug, biopesticide and biofertilizer

Solution
Azadirachtin, meliantial and salanin obtained from Azadirachta indica (neem) are insect repellent as well as antifeedant. It is perhaps the first natural insecticide used by man. It’s fruits are used as biofertilizer.

Q4.  Sewage contains large amounts of …A… and …B… . Here A and B refers to

•   A-inorganic matter; B-bacteria
•   A-organic matter; B-pathogenic microbes
•   A-organic matter; B-virus
•   A-inorganic matter; B-pathogenic microbes

Solution
Sewage contains large amount of organic matter and pathogenic microbes

Q5. Emasculation is concerned with

•   Hybridization
•   Clonal selection
•   Mass selection
•   Pure line selection

Solution
  Removal of stamens from a bisexual flower before anthesis is called emasculation. Emasculation is done during hybridization for preventing self-pollination.

Q6.  The residue left after methane production from cattle dung is

•   Burnt
•   Buried in land fills
• Used as manure
•   Used in civil construction

Solution
The residue left after methane production from cattle dung is used as fertilizer

Q7. A commonly used mastigator called ‘supari’ is obtained from the plant

•   Acacia catechu
•   Areca catechu
•   Piper betel
•   None of these

Solution
Supari is obtained from the plant Areca catechu.

Q8. Consider the following statements
I. Ladybirds and dragonflies are used to get rid of aphids and mosquitoes
II. The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are used to control butterfly
III. Trichoderma sp. free living fungi, are present in root ecosystems where they act against several plant pathogens
IV. Rhizobium is a symbiotic bacterium that lives in the stem of legumes
Which of the statements given above are correct?

•   I, II and III
•   I, III and IV
•   II, III and IV
•   II and IV

Solution
The ladybird and dragonflies are useful to get rid of aphids and mosquitoes, respectively.
(i) A bacteria species namely Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is known to kill a wide range of insects such as butterfly, caterpillars, ant etc., some strains of Bt can kill animal and plant parasitic nematodes, protozoans and even cockroaches
(ii) Trichoderma is a free-living saprophytic fungi that most commonly lives on dead organic matter in the soil and rhizophere
(iii) The fungus is being developed as an effective biocontrol agent of several plant pathogens
(iv) Rhizobium is a symbiotic bacterium that lives in the root nodules of legumes and fixes atmospheric nitrogen into organic compounds

Q9. Pollution from animal excreta and organic waste from kitchen can be most profitably minimised by

•   Storing them in underground storage tanks
•   Using them for producing biogas
•   Vermiculture
•   Using them directly as biofertilizers

Solution
Pollution from human excreta and organic wastes from kitchen can be most profitably minimised by using them for producing biogas. These wastes release methane and other gases as a result of action of anaerobic microorganisms. Biogas contains methane in bulk and other gases like CO₂, H₂, N₂, and O₂.

Q10.  By anaerobic process, the cow dung is used to produce

•   Methane
•   Butane
•   Ethane
•   Propane

Solution
Biogas is the methane rich fuel gas produced through anaerobic breakdown and fermentation of animal dung (of biomass).