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Civil Engineering

Summary

Civil engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally created environment, such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewerage systems, pipelines, building structural components, and railways. Traditionally, civil engineering has been divided into several sub-disciplines. It is defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering, and it is regarded the second-oldest engineering subject after military engineering. Civil engineering can be done in the public sector, ranging from municipal public works departments to federal government agencies, as well as in the private sector, ranging from small businesses to Fortune 500 corporations. Civil engineering is the application of physical and scientific concepts to solve societal problems, and its history is inextricably related to breakthroughs in physics and mathematics throughout history. Because civil engineering is such a large field with so many sub-disciplines, its history is intertwined with knowledge of structures, materials science, geography, geology, soils, hydrology, environmental science, mechanics, project management, and other disciplines. Throughout ancient and mediaeval history, craftspeople such as stonemasons and carpenters performed the majority of architectural design and building, rising to the position of master builder. Guilds kept their knowledge and innovations were rarely used to replace it. Existing structures, roads, and infrastructure were all the same, and scale additions were small. The work of Archimedes in the 3rd century BC, which includes the Archimedes Principle, which foundations our understanding of buoyancy, and practical solutions such as Archimedes' screw, is one of the oldest examples of a scientific approach to physical and mathematical problems pertinent to civil engineering. In the 7th century AD, Brahmagupta, an Indian mathematician, used mathematics based on Hindu-Arabi. Engineering has always been a part of life, dating back to the dawn of time. Civil engineering may have begun in ancient Egypt, the Indus Valley Civilization, and Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq) between 4000 and 2000 BC, when humans began to abandon their nomadic lifestyles, necessitating the construction of shelter. Transportation became increasingly vital throughout this period, resulting in the development of the wheel and sails. There was no apparent separation between civil engineering and architecture until modern times, and the terms engineer and architect were mostly geographical variants referring to the same occupation, and they were frequently used interchangeably. Civil engineering, as opposed to military engineering, was coined in the 18th century to encompass all things civilian. [number four] The École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, France's first institution for educating civil engineering, was founded in 1747, and other European countries, such as Spain, soon followed. John Smeaton, who built the Eddystone Lighthouse, was the first self-proclaimed civil engineer. In 1771, Smeaton and a few of his colleagues founded the Smeaton Ian Society of Civil Engineers, an informal gathering of industry executives who convened over dinner. Though there were occasional technical meetings, it was primarily a social organisation. The Institution of Civil Engineers was created in London in 1818, and Thomas Telford, an accomplished engineer, was elected its first president in 1820. In 1828, the college was granted a Royal Charter, recognising civil engineering as a profession.

Civil engineering was characterised in its charter as:
The art of directing nature's vast sources of power for man's use and convenience as a means of production and transportation in states, both for external and internal trade, as employed in the construction of roads, bridges, aqueducts, canals, river navigation, and ports for internal intercourse and exchange. and in the construction of ports, harbours, moles, breakwaters, and lighthouses, as well as in the art of artificial-power navigation for commercial reasons, and in the design and application of machinery, and in the drainage of cities and towns. Norwich University, founded in 1819 by Captain Alden Partridge, was the first private college in the United States to study civil engineering. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute awarded the first civil engineering degree in the United States in 1835. Nora Stanton Blatch was the first woman to receive such a degree, which she received from Cornell University in 1905.

The separation between civil and military engineering (served by the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich) in the early nineteenth century in the United Kingdom, along with the demands of the Industrial Revolution, fostered new engineering education initiatives: In 1838, King's College London established the Class of Civil Engineering and Mining, mostly in reaction to the rise of the railway system and the need for more skilled engineers; in 1839, the private College for Civil Engineers in Putney was founded; and in 1840, the University of Glasgow established the UK's first Chair of Engineering.

Civil engineers usually have a civil engineering degree from a university. The programme lasts three to five years, and the end result is a Bachelor of Technology or Bachelor of Engineering degree. Physics, mathematics, project management, design, and particular courses in civil engineering are all part of the curriculum.

They continue on to high level specialisation in one or more sub-disciplines in civil engineering after studying fundamental courses in most sub-disciplines. While an undergraduate degree (BEng/BSc) often offers successful students with an industry-accredited accreditation, certain academic institutions also offer post-graduate degrees (MEng/MSc), which allow students to specialise even further in their chosen field. In most countries, a bachelor's degree in engineering is the first step toward professional certification, and the degree programme is accredited by a professional body. After finishing a certified degree programme, the engineer must meet a number of requirements, including job experience and passing a series of exams, in order to be certified.

After certification, the engineer is called a professional engineer in the United States, Canada, and South Africa, a chartered engineer in most Commonwealth nations, a chartered professional engineer in Australia and New Zealand, or a European engineer in Europe (in most countries of the European Union).

Engineers can practise across national borders thanks to international agreements between appropriate professional bodies. Certification has different advantages based on where you live. "Only a licenced professional engineer may develop, sign and seal, and submit engineering plans and drawings to a public authority for approval, or seal engineering documentation" in the United States and Canada, for example.

This requirement is enforced by provincial legislation, such as Quebec's Engineers Act. Other countries, including the United Kingdom, have not implemented similar legislation. Engineers can only be licenced in the state of Queensland in Australia. Almost all certification bodies have an ethics code that all members must follow.

Within the broad area of civil engineering, there are several sub-disciplines. Grading, drainage, pavement, water supply, sewer service, dams, electric and communications supplies are all designed by general civil engineers in collaboration with surveyors and specialised civil engineers. General civil engineering, often known as site engineering, is a field of civil engineering that largely focuses on the construction of buildings.

Site engineers tour project sites, consult with stakeholders, and draught construction plans. Civil engineers use the principles of geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, environmental engineering, transportation engineering, and construction engineering to projects of all sizes and types of development, including residential, commercial, industrial, and public works.

Career Opportunities in Civil Engineering

Civil engineering is one of the most ancient engineering disciplines. Civil engineers are the key players in constructing a country's infrastructure. The beauty of civil engineering is that it allows you to give your dreams wings to fly. Each project has its unique set of difficulties that necessitate rigorous planning, ingenuity, adaptability, and problem-solving skills. Clear Exam is the best platform for all these details for the candidates.

Civil engineers will always be in demand since infrastructure development, such as the construction of buildings, skyscrapers, roads, highways, dams, bridges, water treatment plants, and sewage treatment plants, relies on their skill and talent. Clear Exam is the best platform for all these details for the candidates.

Civil engineers are responsible for the conception, planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of infrastructure projects and systems in both the public and private sectors. If you choose to work from the convenience of your own office or on-site, you have the same options. Civil engineering is a vast profession that encompasses a wide variety of specialities and projects. Clear Exam is the best platform for all these details for the candidates.

Only a civil engineering degree will allow you to go from designing living spaces to transforming them into mega structures, tall skyscrapers, resilient communities, smart cities, designing smart buildings, using smart materials, and so on. Clear Exam is the best platform for all these details for the candidates.

This branch's adaptability isn't restricted to the ground. Civil Engineering is ubiquitous, whether you're working below or above ground. Various types of disasters have occurred during the previous few decades. Every time a crisis strikes, the infrastructure is harmed.... whether it's a building, a road, a bridge, or a highway. This necessitates the development of inclusive and long-term solutions. Clear Exam is the best platform for all these details for the candidates.

Clear Exam is the best platform for all these details for the candidates.

How to Pursue a Career in Civil Engineering

	Stream	Graduation	After Graduation	After Post Graduation
Path 1	Clear Class XII with science stream with Maths	Pursue B. Tech in Civil Engineering	Pursue M. Tech for 2-3 years
Path 2	Clear Class XII with science stream with Maths	Pursue B. Tech + M. Tech in Civil Engineering for 5 year

Important Courses Covered

Civil engineers can specialise in a variety of fields, including:

Engineering for Construction
Engineering of the Coastal and Ocean Environment
Geotechnical Engineering is the study of the foundations of buildings.
Engineering for fire prevention
Engineering of Structures
Engineering in general
Engineering of Bridges
Engineering of Irrigation
Materials Engineering for Land Development
Transportation planning and design
Engineering in the City
Hydraulic Engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with water.
Engineering of Water Resources
Engineering of the Environment

Important Facts

Leading Institutes

Top Institutes in India

College	Location	Website	Entrance Exam
Vivekananda Institute of Technology, [VIT]	Jaipur Jaipur, Rajasthan	https://www.getmyuni.com/college/vivekananda-institute-of-technology-vit-jaipur	CAT, XAT, MAT, GMAT
Delhi Technological University, [DTU], New Delhi	Delhi, Delhi NCR	https://www.getmyuni.com/college/delhi-technological-university-dtu-new-delhi	CAT, XAT, MAT, GMAT
NIMS University, [NIMSU]	Jaipur Jaipur, Rajasthan	https://www.getmyuni.com/college/nims-university-nimsu-jaipur	CAT, XAT, MAT, GMAT
SRM University,	Chennai Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu	https://www.getmyuni.com/college/srm-university-srm-kanchipuram	CAT, XAT, MAT, GMAT
Vivekananda Global University, [VGU]	Jaipur Jaipur, Rajasthan	https://www.getmyuni.com/college/vivekananda-global-university-vgu-jaipur/a>	CAT, XAT, MAT, GMAT
National Institute of Technology, [NIT]	Surathkal Mangalore, Karnataka	https://www.getmyuni.com/college/national-institute-of-technology-nit-surathkal	CAT, XAT, MAT, GMAT
Invertis University, [IU] Bareilly	Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh	https://www.getmyuni.com/college/invertis-university-iu-bareilly	CAT, XAT, MAT, GMAT
Indian Institute of Technology, [IIT]	Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar, Orissa	https://www.getmyuni.com/college/indian-institute-of-technology-iit-bhubaneswar	CAT, XAT, MAT, GMAT

Top Institutes in the World

College	Location	Website
BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus	Dubai, UAE	https://studyabroad.shiksha.com/uae/universities/bits-pilani-dubai-campus
University of Toronto,	Toronto, Canada	https://studyabroad.shiksha.com/canada/universities/university-of-toronto
University of Alberta,	Edmonton, Canada	https://studyabroad.shiksha.com/canada/universities/university-of-alberta
The University of British Columbia,	Vancouver, Canada	https://studyabroad.shiksha.com/canada/universities/university-of-british-columbia
University of Greenwich,	London, UK	https://studyabroad.shiksha.com/uk/universities/university-of-greenwich/civil-engineering-beng-hons
McGill University,	Montreal, Canada	https://studyabroad.shiksha.com/canada/universities/mcgill-university
University of Windsor,	Windsor, Canada	https://studyabroad.shiksha.com/canada/universities/university-of-windsor
Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada	Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada	https://studyabroad.shiksha.com/canada/universities/memorial-university-of-newfoundland

Entrance Exams

Exams	Eligible Colleges	Tentative Dates
JEE Main	Vivekananda Institute of Technology, [VIT]	Session-1: 23-Feb-2021 to 26-Feb-2021 Session-2: 15-Mar-2021 to 18-Mar-2021 Session-3: 27-Apr-2021 to 30-Apr-2021 (Postponed) Session-4: 24-May-2021 to 28-May-2021 (Postponed)
JEE Advanced	Delhi Technological University, [DTU], New Delhi	July 3, 2021
BITSAT	NIMS University, [NIMSU]	June 24-30, 2021 (Tentative Dates)
VITEEE	SRM University,	June 18 to 26, 2021 (Tentative Dates)
SRMJEEE	Vivekananda Global University, [VGU]	May 23 and 24, 2021 (Phase 1) July 25 and 26, 2021 (Phase 2)
COMEDK	National Institute of Technology, [NIT]	June 20, 2021
KIITEE	Invertis University, [IU] Bareilly	June 14 to 21, 2021
WBJEE	Indian Institute of Technology, [IIT]	July 11, 2021

Work Description

Civil engineers are responsible for creating, improving, and protecting the environment in which we live. They plan, design, and supervise the development and maintenance of building structures and infrastructure such as highways, trains, airports, bridges, harbors, dams, irrigation projects, power plants, and water and sewerage systems, among other things.

Tall skyscrapers and massive constructions that can survive all weather conditions are also designed and built by them.
Civil engineers are divided into two categories: consulting engineers and contracting engineers. Consultants oversee project design and work primarily in an office setting. Contractors then take the plans and put them into action during the construction process.

Contractors manage the structure's construction on the job site.

Work tasks can vary depending on whether you are a contractor or a consultant, but they can include doing technical and feasibility studies, as well as site investigations.
Generating comprehensive designs utilizing a variety of computer software
Compiling task requirements and supervising tendering procedures, as well as liaising with clients and a variety of specialists such as architects and subcontractors.
overcoming issues with design and development
budgeting and project resource management
arranging for the procurement and delivery of materials and equipment
ensuring that the project meets all legal standards, particularly in terms of health and safety.
determining the project's long-term viability and environmental impact to ensure that projects operate smoothly, and structures are completed on schedule and on budget.

Consulting civil engineers often work regular office hours, with some overtime and weekend work required near project deadlines. Contractors, on the other hand, frequently work nights, weekends, and in all weather conditions.
Civil engineers' typical employers
Companies that specialize in construction (both consultants and contractors)
Local governments and government agencies
Utility corporations and rail companies.
Civil engineers may specialize in specific project types or disciplines, such as coastal/marine, power, water, and transportation. Learn more about civil engineering's major fields and specializations. Graduates will frequently apply to a programmed in one of these fields right after graduation.

Required qualifications and training
Both university graduates and school leavers can pursue a profession in civil engineering. See the building and property sector of TARGET careers, our website for school leavers, and especially our page on how to enter this career via a school leaver route (e.g., an apprenticeship or school leaver training programme).
Graduates must have a civil engineering degree from an institution recognized by the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE). After that, you will be expected to work with the ICE on one of two professionally recognized certifications. You can become an integrated engineer (IEng) after completing a BEng.
You can become a chartered engineer (CEng) if you have an MEng or BEng plus a master's degree. Both degrees will help you advance in your career, but employers prefer chartered engineers. See our page on gaining chartered status for more details.
If you are seeking for a graduate position in civil engineering, having work experience earned during a year-in-industry or summer internship would considerably benefit your career prospects. Some firms will sponsor students and give them a job if they impress them during their work experience.

Civil engineers must have certain abilities.

Employers are looking for graduates that are commercially aware and can work well in a team setting. Other important abilities include:
Mathematical, scientific, and IT capabilities are essential.
problem-solving abilities and the capacity to think systematically and handle projects. ability to perform under pressure and on a budget.
outstanding communication skills, both verbally and in writing
capabilities in negotiating, supervising, and leading
full understanding of the relevant legislation

Top Hiring Companies

Arup
Atkins
Vinci
Motto McDonald
Stantec
Balfour Beauty
Bachtel
Skanska
Laing O'Rourke
Arcadis

FAQs

What does a civil engineer's typical work week entail?

Civil engineers are often employed full-time, working at least 40 hours each week. Many civil engineers have standard hours, however those who work on-site for projects may have more atypical hours that are sensitive to what is going on at the construction site.

How can I tell whether I am being appropriately compensated as a civil engineer?

If you are not sure what a civil engineer should be paid, use Indeed's Salary Calculator to get a free, tailored pay range based on your region, industry, and experience.

What are some occupations that have a tight relationship with civil engineers?

Civil engineers may collaborate with architects, construction managers, landscape designers, environmental engineers, mechanical engineers, urban planners, and surveyors, depending on the project.